Engler, "Ten-step Decision Model"
Notable for the wide variety of information gathered, for requiring self-examination of values, and for doing some time management
SOURCE FOR THE PROCEDURE
Engler, Arthur J. "Summary of Ten-step Decision Model." 1998. http://www.nursing.ab.umd.edu/mch/courses/418/nuintro.htm (8 June 1999).
THE PROCEDURE ITSELF
- Review the situation.
Determine health problems, decision needed, ethical components, and key individuals.
- Gather additional information.
Includes scientific or medical data as well as critical social, economic, cultural, legal and psychological information.
- Identify ethical issues.
Focus on specific ethical concerns of participants.
- Identify own values.
Facilitate a personal understanding of why we reason as we do when faced with a particular ethical issue.
- Identify moral values of key individuals.
Determine where or whether there are moral conflicts.
- Identify any value conflicts.
Decide how to resolve such conflicts of persons involved so decision making can proceed.
- Determine who should decide.
Clarify how much time will be needed (group discussions versus individual).
- Identify range of actions and anticipated outcomes.
Examine possible consequences.
- Decide on course of action and carry it out.
Results for evaluation are noted.
- Evaluate results.
Did the action or decision produce the intended results?
WALT'S CHECKLIST
The same checklist was applied to all procedures.
- This method is most useful when the DECISION-MAKER ...
- can tolerate ambiguity, complexity or conflict [steps 5 and 6]
- has high initial sensitivity to relevant ethical "features" [step 1]
- has keen insight into human motivation [steps 2 and 4]
- is skilled in causal or consequential reasoning [step 8]
- is skilled in conflict- or dilemma-resolution methods [step 6]
- This method is most useful in a SITUATION ...
- that will change little over time
- This method is most useful when STAKEHOLDERS ...
- share values [steps 4 and 5]
